I am trying to understand how node.js works.
1) I would like to store data, but I don't know which method is the faster: -using sql -using json files (if this is a good solution have you got a tutorial for best practice)
2) A multilang website, is it a good solution to store translations in json files or is there a best practice?
Handling JSON is faster with JavaScript than SQL because it's native so I would always use JSON over any other data format with node.js wherever possible. In terms of storing JSON, you can go for NoSql solution eg: MongoDB or CouchDB.
This link will get you started on MongoDB.
For Translation, you should ideally use internationalization module, whatever language or framework it is. In Node.JS you have i18n-node for internationalization. Your translation will be stored in JSON files. There are also other modules which can store your traslations in db.